Protocols
Protocols
Medical Reports Liver Elastography: From the Rule of 4 to Confounding Factors in Noninvasive Fibrosis Staging
The 2020 SRU consensus Rule of 4 classifies liver stiffness into five ranges, from ≤ 5.0 kPa to > 17.0 kPa. See the ranges, the 2A/2B modulation, the … July 10, 2026 · 14 min read
Medical Reports
Medical Reports Liver ultrasound and hepatic steatosis: how to describe, grade and standardize the report
Hepatic steatosis has gone from an incidental finding to one of the most frequent abnormalities in routine abdominal ultrasound. With the marked rise … May 25, 2026 · 5 min read
Medical Reports
Medical Reports Gynecomastia on ultrasound: the patterns, pseudogynecomastia and when to suspect cancer
How to distinguish true gynecomastia from pseudogynecomastia on ultrasound, what the nodular, dendritic and diffuse patterns are, the signs that raise… October 13, 2026 · 3 min read
Medical Reports
Medical Reports Liver fat quantification by ultrasound: ATI, UGAP, UDFF and how to report
How ultrasound liver fat quantification techniques work, the acquisition protocol that makes the number reliable, why cutoffs vary by vendor and what … October 6, 2026 · 4 min read
Medical Reports
Protocols Spleen and abdominal lymph node ultrasound: splenomegaly, focal lesions and what to measure
How to measure the spleen and relate splenomegaly to the rest of the exam, tell an accessory spleen from a nodule, describe infarct, abscess and lymph… September 23, 2026 · 5 min read
Protocols
Medical Reports Penile Doppler in erectile dysfunction: the protocol, the velocities and how to report arterial and venous insufficiency
How Doppler is performed after intracavernosal injection, which measurements to record and at what times, peak systolic and end-diastolic velocity val… September 22, 2026 · 3 min read
Medical Reports
Medical Reports Hashimoto Thyroiditis on Ultrasound: Parenchyma, Pseudonodules and the Differential with Graves
Diffuse hypoechogenicity, micronodular pattern and fibrous septa, the pseudonodules that should not receive a TI-RADS category, the Doppler that separ… September 19, 2026 · 4 min read
Medical Reports
Practical Tips Muscle Injuries on Ultrasound: Strain, Contusion, Hematoma and How to Grade in the Report
When to perform the exam, how to describe the location relative to the myotendinous junction, what to measure, how to grade the injury and the complic… September 8, 2026 · 3 min read
Practical Tips
Protocols Ankle and foot ultrasound: Achilles, peroneal tendons, plantar fascia and Morton neuroma
The compartment-based study, insertional and non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy, peroneal longitudinal tears, sprain, plantar fascia thickness and … September 2, 2026 · 5 min read
Protocols
Medical Reports Nodule elastography: breast, thyroid and prostate, from the Itoh score to shear wave
Elastography is not one exam: it is two techniques with different scales and units. See the Itoh score, the strain ratio, why kPa and m/s cannot be co… July 17, 2026 · 8 min read
Medical Reports Complete guide
Protocols Abdominal Ultrasound: A Guide to the Findings That Actually Change Management
The most requested exam in routine practice is also the most underused. See the abdomen organized by the findings that drive management, from the live… July 16, 2026 · 5 min read
Protocols Complete guide
Practical Tips Standardized classifications in the report: a guide to BI-RADS, TI-RADS and O-RADS
BI-RADS, TI-RADS and O-RADS are three different systems built on the same reasoning: a closed lexicon, a composition rule and a management recommendat… July 16, 2026 · 7 min read
Practical Tips
Practical Tips Peripheral nerve ultrasound: carpal tunnel syndrome and the value of cross-sectional area
Cross-sectional area is the core of peripheral nerve ultrasound, but the absolute value rarely suffices. See the cutoffs by nerve and site, the wrist-… July 16, 2026 · 12 min read
Practical Tips